Is Homework Redundant?

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HM - Expansion Strategies - Free Essay Example

1.0 Introduction According to HM annual report 2012, HM is one of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s largest fashion companies and an exciting place to pursue a career within the fashion industry. Their business concept is to offer their customers fashion and quality at the best price, and with more stores and new markets added every year the group is constantly growing. This means that theyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re always looking for new talents to join the team. The HM Group employs over 104,000 people and there are more than 2,800 stores spread over 48 markets in Europe, North America, Asia, North Africa and the Middle East. Their design team, pattern makers and buyers work together to create a broad band varied range of inspiring fashion. Fashion collections for women, men, teenagers and children are complemented by shoes, accessories, cosmetics and even home textiles. The diversity of the collections means HM has fashion for all. Efficient decision-making and flexible ass ortment planning ensure that the product range is always adapted to the latest trends. Next, considerable resources are devoted to increasing sustainability. HM does not own factories, but instead buys products from independent suppliers and works to bring about long-term improvements for people and the environment such as in the supply chain, the garment lifecycle and the communities in which HM is active. Moreover, with a strong offering that appeals to customers around the world, HM is able to grow successfully in all its existing markets as well as in new ones, with growth among all its brands and through new concepts. HM has selected wholly-owned subsidiary and franchising as their mode of entry in current expansion strategy is that HM is financed entirely by HMà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s own resources. HM using different current expansion strategy in different country such as in a politically stable country, HM has gained competitive advantage of low risk and constant profit mar gin. 2.0 Current Expansion Strategy HMà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s current expansion strategy involves opening 10-15% more stores per year. HMà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s current expansion is mainly increase the number of stores under its brand includes HM as well as COS, Monki, Weekday, Cheap Monday, Other Stories and HM Home. The mode of entry of HM is in form of wholly-owned subsidiary as well as licensing. The image below is current expansion of HM in the world. The world of HM Source: https://www.hm.com/cz/abouthm/theworldofhm__worldofhm.nhtml 2.1 Wholly-Owned Subsidiary HM has selected wholly-owned subsidiary as their mode of entry in current expansion strategy is that HM is financed entirely by HMà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s own resources. In Singapore and Malaysia, HM has entered in 2011 and 2012 respectively by establishing own stores. The main reason why HM establishing Wholly-owned subsidiary in that particular countries is that they are politically stable. This is because in a politically stable country, HM has gained competitive advantage of low risk and constant profit margin in the above countries. It is like a free market system to enter because in such country the relationship between benefit, cost and risk can be balanced well. This is the same goes to United States and Canada. Another reason why HM choose Wholly-owned subsidiary instead of franchising in country like Canada and United states is in order to have a tight control on every store. Its benefits for HM is that such entry mode cannot help a firm reduce the risk of losing control over the competence, but also can make it have tight control over operations different countries that is necessary for engaging in global strategic coordination. On the other hand, the location can be realized, the curve economies can be experienced and the stock of the subsidiary can be shared 100 percent by the firm. However, HM bear the full costs and risks of setting up overseas operations especially s uch as United States, Canada, Malaysia and Singapore. HM, in each market for example United States and Canada has to face kinds of competition from international and local retailers, individual stores and also department stores. Most importantly is wholly owned subsidiary has caused HM to compete with other consumption such as travel, home electronic and so on. All these cost are the downside of wholly owned subsidiary of HM. But, it is just a minor problem since HM is financially strong firm. HM has not used franchising in the country mentioned because franchising is suitable to use only when the country to be entered is politically unstable or higher barrier to entry. This will further discuss in the next part of current expansion. 2.2 Franchising As mentioned above, HM was mainly chooses the wholly subsidiary entry mode and franchising were only suitable to use when the country to be entered is politically unstable or facing barriers to entry. Even though there was some pol icies that make HM unable to establish wholly owned subsidiaries in Middle East, HM had decided to enter Middle East and partnership with franchisee Alshaya on year 2006. The reason of HM chooses to enter partnership with franchisee Alshaya is because of Alshaya were the biggest retailers in the Middle East region. According to Hill (2007), franchising entry mode means that the franchiser (HM) sells the intangible property like stock to the franchisee (Alshaya) and also has the right to control or run the business in the country. According to Marknadsetablering (2008), the main reason for HM to franchising in cooperation with Alshaya is because of the rules and regulation that set by the country. That is because of Middle East country had set a rules for the foreign companies that wish to invest in their country. The rules and regulation is the foreign companies cannot establish wholly subsidiary entry mode in the country and they need to franchisee with a local partner that owne r at least 51% of shares in the business. Another reasons for HM chooses to corporate with Alshaya is because of they wish to make Middle East country like Dubai, Kuwait and Qatar be more high economic growth and great purchasing power. Other than that, the political situation is stable in Middle East country. In this situation, HM were able to have 10 franchise stores in Qatar, Dubai, Kuwait and also able to expand into new Middle East countries like Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Egypt and Oman. Moreover, it is less risk when HM choose to be franchisee with Alshaya. With franchisee with Alshaya, HM can extend its business to the foreign country slowly by get the information from the franchisee. It is benefit to HM because can be better understand about other countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ rules and regulation before invest in the countries. That is because of different political and legal system that linked to Muslim values, different education system, business environment, industry st ructure and culture, and the marketing infrastructure for each countries are different. For the example, HM have to provide different range of product to follow the clothing restrictions resulting from Muslim religion when they enter to Middle East markets. 3.0 Future Expansion Strategy HM future expansion strategy involves venturing into new market and focusing on expanding more stores throughout the world. There are many countries like the Eastern Africa and South America. The mode of entry of HM is in form of wholly-owned subsidiary as well as joint venture. 3.1Wholly-Owned Subsidiary HM has selected wholly-owned subsidiary as the mode of entry in future expansion because of HM own resources. In Asian countries HM are concentrating on 80 percent of its manufactures, so HM would like to expand its production with the suppliers to Ethiopia. One of the reasons why HM is establishing wholly-owned subsidiary because of the strong development and there is good job opportuni ties. Establishing wholly-owned subsidiary will help to lower down the unemployment rate in the country. Furthermore, HM has done an intensive risk analysis in Ethiopia regarding to the human rights and environmental issue. Besides that, the reason why HM wants to establish wholly-owned subsidiary in Ethiopia because the Sub-Saharan Africaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s has possible way to become low-end manufacturing place, especially with the increasing cost in China. Report shows that labor cost in Eastern Africa cheap compare to the labor cost in Asia countries. HM has set 1 billion targets in textile export by 2016. This move will be beneficial to both HM and the economic growth in Ethiopia. Expanding the company is another reason why HM wants to establish wholly-owned subsidiary in Ethiopia. As the numbers of stores worldwide is increasing, HM decided to increase sources through all markets in order to compete with their competitors. HM as growing company must have the ability to de liver to all their products to all their stalls in order to have a rapid pace in expansion. In the country capital of Ethiopia, HM has established an office in 2012 which has been engaging test orders with the supplier. Many of the new factories there have started large scale of production. With constant economic growth, HM is planning to spend one million clothing a month from Ethiopia despite the country remains one of the world poorest country. 3.2 Joint Venture Besides using wholly-owned subsidiary, HM is also using joint venture as the entry mode of strategy in their future expansion. A joint venture is a business in which new firms are formed to achieve some specific objectives of a partnership like an agreement between two or more firms for a finite time, a new entity and new assets by contributing equity. The Swedish retailer, HM was touting its ongoing success to implement sustainable initiatives. Across the globe, HM gave its sheer size à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" now at 2,85 3 stores and counting in 49 markets. HMà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s environmental footprint maybe decreasing but the fashion chain is getting ready to break into another market: India. HM can also set up a joint venture with the company in Ethiopia in future expansion for the company as HM are currently venturing into the country Ethiopia. HM, the worlds second-largest apparel retailer after Zara-owner Inditex, the parent company of Zara, has a foray into India with 3 Indian firms which is Textile major Arvind Ltd, Reliance Industries à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" owned Reliance Brands, and Delhi-based luxury fashion retailer, Genesis Colours. These few retailers actively continuing to push global expansion .HM has been searching for potential retailers in Ethiopia to joint venture to manufacture and sell their clothing for future expansion of the company. HM is applying to open stores in India in order to join a rush of international retailers and looking to expand in Asiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s thi rd-biggest economy on the back of government liberalization measures. The reason is because of in single brand retail, India allows 100 percent foreign direct investment (FDI), a route with HM would take to enter this market just almost like its Swedish peer furniture retailer IKEA. India represents a significant opportunity for clothing chains and also makes sense for a global player like HM to seek and expand business there. Moreover, there is no reason that the fast-fashion and value-oriented model shouldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t work in India. For our chosen country, Ethiopia is a country with strong development. HM believes that they can sustain their economic growth and also the job opportunities in Ethiopia. Besides, HM is also seen as a fast-fashion retailer with a very high ratio in collection changes and the prices are lower for trendy products as their competition. HMà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s collections are very adventurous and fashionable. For instance, as a joint venture of HM in India, brand attributes are required. For example, constant arriving of new products, stores expanding, new campaign, making constant surprise for customers and so on. As for Ethiopia, HM expand its business to Ethiopia by making Ethiopia one of its suppliers by building factories in the country. Ethiopia has rich and long history in textile and leather production. Therefore, for the future expansion of the HM in Ethiopia, HM can search for some retailers which is going internationally and globally so that they can have a joint venture in order to globalize the products of HM. 3.3 Licensing At the same time, HM is also using licensing in her future international expansion in Ethiopia. A licensing agreement is an agreement where a licensor grants the right to intangible property to another party for a limited period and in return the licensor receives a royalty fee from the licensee. (Hill, 2007, p489). HM can use licensing as one of the strategies to enter Ethiopia by buil ding new factory for HM supplies. In Ethiopia, HM as a licensor to grant the right for its intangible property such as brand, production process to local factory for a specified time to supply its products. There are few evidences that support HM using licensing to build its supplies in Ethiopia. One of them is the economy of Ethiopia has been growing since 2007 at times with double digit grow. The economy will experience annual growth of 7-8 % through 2016. As a result, HM is no need to worry about employment rate of its factory since there is more and more labor supply for the factory. In addition, Ethiopias government is placing priority on the textile industry and by year 2016, the country aims to export more than a billion dollars of apparel. Thus, factories established by HM are welcomed in Ethiopia. (Martin Koch, 2013) Furthermore, another reason is cheaper labor cost. HM is trigger to compete in a cost competitive apparel industry facing competitors such as Zara and Gap. But recent increase in social standard among HM existing supplies bases especially China has increased HM production cost, so HM need to start considering its new option in Ethiopia where cheaper and lower than in China in term of labor cost. Besides, there is huge number of labor force with 80 million people living there. The Location is strategic in Ethiopia because its near the sea as well as quick to get to Europe via the Suez Canal. This would result in giving competitive advantage for HM since it shorten delivery time compared to china and furthermore the climate in Ethiopia is suitable for cultivate cotton too. This will giving advantage for HM in term of cost. 4.0 Conclusion As a conclusion, HM a based fashion company which is one of the largest fashion company in the world. We able to observe that HM is keep on improving from time to time. There are two current expansion strategies that HM used in order to make their business more efficient. One of the strategies is H M implemented wholly-owned subsidiary which will help them gain competitive advantage of low risk and constant profit margin in the specify country. Besides, HM also expand its business via using franchising when the country to be entered is politically unstable or facing barriers to entry. For example, HM partnership with franchisee (Alshaya) is because of Alshaya were the biggest retailers in Middle East region. In order to expand in the future, joint venture mode is the strategy that usually being used. It is normally used when they entered the international markets. Moreover, HM should make changes from low to higher entry strategies during they make investment. Internalization of entry mode able to aware those from risk, commitment from those resources, evolve with the international knowledge accumulation on investment location. Last but not least, image of a company is very important for every company. This is because it will affect their expansion in the future and comm unication within those brokers. Till now, HM image is still in every people mind because it is quite strong enough. Everyone also think that HM is a type of Fashion Company. So, a great image of a company will really will bring confident to those buyers. 1

Man and Nature after the Fall in John Miltons Paradise Lost

Man and Nature after the Fall in Paradise Lost In Paradise Lost, the consequences of the fall and the change in relations between man and nature can best be discussed when we look at Miltons pre-fall descriptions of Eden and its inhabitants. Believing that fallen humans could never fully understand what life was like in Eden and the relationships purely innocent beings shared, Milton begins his depiction of Paradise and Adam and Eve through the fallen eyes of Satan: So little knows Any, but God alone, to value right The good before him, but perverts best things To worse abuse, or to thir meanest use. Beneath him with new wonder now he views To all delight of human sense exposd In narrow room†¦show more content†¦His fair large Front and Eye sublime declard Absolute rule; and Hyacinthine Locks Round from his parted forelock manly hung Clustring, but not beneth his shoulders broad: Shee as a veil down to slender waist Her unadorned golden tresses wore Dishevelld, but in wanton ringlets wavd As the vine curls her tendrils, which implid Subjection, but requird with gentle sway...(IV, 287-308) Adam and Eve are tall and erect like the trees, pure and nude, uncovered like the rural landscape. Adams hair cut short, almost as if the pair had pruned it. Eves body seems to be supported by the garden, but her hair is described as wild, unadorned and wanton, not unlike the landscape outside of Eden: Steep wilderness, whose hairy sides/ With thicket overgrown, grotesque and wild... (IV, 135-36). With special care and a watchful eye the Eden will not smother itself, just as Adam and Eve are safe from Satan when they are together. When Eve leaves Adam, she is tempted by the Serpent and decides to eat the forbidden fruit. When this happens, the earth feels the fall profoundly: So saying, her rash hand in evil hour Forth reaching to the Fruit, she pluckd, she eat: Earth felt the wound, and Nature form her seat Sighing through all herShow MoreRelatedThe Power And Lure Of Satan1365 Words   |  6 PagesThe Power and Lure of Satan Although the fall of man is written in the bible, no other author has thoroughly written thoughts which have resounded in the minds of those that have read John Milton’s â€Å"Paradise Lost†. Milton’s epic tale of Paradise Lost has become biblical folklore and even Christians who have not fully read the Bible rely upon the representations and indulgences that Milton presented through his embellishments of fact. Milton’s paradise lost is considered by critics to be one of theRead MoreParadaise Lost by John Milton Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesPART ONE: John Milton is the greatest poet of all time. Oddly enough, he wanted to be as great as Homer or Virgil and be remembered like they were. Milton had this thing called Photographic Memory, so he remembered everything he had ever read. He even spends six straight years just reading every book he could get his hands on. However, he ended up becoming blind because when he did read the only lighting he had was candle light so he literally read his eyes out. Yet, this was before he could doRead MoreThe story of Paradise Lost by John Milton details disobedience and the fall of mankind from God’s900 Words   |  4 PagesThe story of Paradise Lost by John Milton details disobedience and the fall of mankind from God’s grace. God preordained all that was and all that will be following his creation. The poems major themes are the obedience to God, the nature of the universe and ultimately the fall of mankind. These themes will be further explained thru Milton’s explanation of light and darkness. Milton’s conversations between Satan, Beelzebub, Adam and Eve illustrate the difference between their conflicting views onRead MoreHeroic in Paradise Lost by John Lost Essay1637 Words   |  7 PagesThe theme of the heroic in John Miltons Paradise Lost is one that has often been the focus of critical debate, namely in the debate surrounding which character is the true hero of the poem. Most critics of the subject have, however, noted that the difficultly in defining the hero of Miltons work is mainly due to our â€Å"vague understanding of what constitutes heroism†1 and the fact that â€Å"the term itself is equivocal†2. The vague terming of what heroism can be defined as it what draws criticsRead MoreAllusions Vs. Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1520 Words   |  7 PagesAllusions to Paradise Lost in Frankenstein In the classic gothic novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelley creates numerous allusions, or references to another work, to John Milton’s epic, Paradise Lost. Allusions can be interpreted differently by each individual, and do not have absolute meanings. They are indirect, which means that the author does not specifically mention the book or epic that he or she is referencing to. Though in Frankenstein, Mary Shelley directly mentions Milton’s Paradise Lost at one pointRead More Mary Shelleys Frankenstein and John Miltons Paradise Lost Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagesand John Miltons Paradise Lost â€Å"Forth reaching to the Fruit, She pluck’d, she eat:/ Earth felt the wound, and Nature from her seat/ Sighing through all her Works gave signs of woe,/ That all was lost [†¦]† (PL 8. 781-784) In the gothic novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelley weaves an intricate web of allusions through her characters’ expedient desires for knowledge. Both the actions of Frankenstein, as well as his monster allude to John Milton’s Paradise Lost. BookRead MoreFrankenstein And Frankenstein Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pagesconsiders the difference between nature and nurture. Sociologists, psychologists, scientists, and other professionals have tried to pin down the exact distinctions between these two types of upbringings. In literature, the same questions have been asked and studied using fictional characters, most famously in John Milton’s Paradise Lost, in 1667, and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, in 1818. The complexity of the characters in these texts creates the theme of nature versus nurture before they divergeRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1253 Words   |  6 Pages Students often read John Milton’s works with great difficulty; h e is determined to have his audience know his goals and how important his writing is through epic metaphors and masterful language. In Paradise Lost, he tells his audience that this will the epic to end all epics and that this is the most important tale of all mankind: the fall of Man. Comparatively, Alexander Pope used the same style of epic not to tell an important tale, but to question much of the life of aristocracy in his timeRead MoreJohn Miltons Theodicy in Paradise Lost595 Words   |  2 PagesParadise Lost is an epic of John Milton, a seventeenth century English author, known for being the greatest reader in English history. The poem goes back to the beginning of time and tells of the rebellion of Satan and his followers, the war in that took place in heaven, and the defeat of Satan. The story also tells of the creation of the world, the life of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, and their loss of everything when they give into the temptations of Satan in the form of a re ptile. It endsRead MoreWho Can Blame The Poor Little Demon?1596 Words   |  7 Pagesor not to eat an apple from the forbidden tree. Milton’s makes Satan an interesting character, almost a hero, although unwilling to repent, simply seeking his rightful place and when he cannot, and will not, he goes after God’s prized creations. Who can blame the poor little demon? Aren’t we accustomed to routing for the underdog? Milton gives Satan the gift of gab, intelligence and our viewpoint, which makes us see his point of view. Of all the poets who have introduced into their works the agency

Letter From Birmingham Jail By Dr. King - 937 Words

The use of just laws was first abided by Dr. King in his â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail.† In this letter, he mentions the necessity of just laws in society and how individuals are morally obliged to follow them. He also makes a clear distinction between â€Å"just† and â€Å"unjust† laws, further advocating his beliefs. Dr. King defines the two different laws in his interpretation of what they actually mean in society. A just law is a human-made code that squares with the moral law or the law of God. In other words, a law that can uplift the personality of an individual is a law that is just. Also, citizens also have their moral responsibility in a constitutional democratic society to obey and abide by the laws of the country. In comparison to just†¦show more content†¦It negatively affects individuals beliefs and stands on their religious point of view, further making this unjust law. According to the Huffington posts, five things the Anti-Sharia mo vement gets dangerously wrong, â€Å"Spreading false information about Sharia has negative consequences for American Muslims.† This quote further proves this law to be unlawful and unjust to the thousands of Muslims, who practice their religion in fear, who continue to live in America today. In an article by Global Citizens called â€Å"10 Ridiculously Sexist Laws in the 21st Century† it explains the unethical law from Yemen in 1992 that states a wife â€Å"must permit [her husband] to have legitimate intercourse with her when she is fit to do so†. Women are often forced into marriage by their pre-teenage years, 14% are married before 15 Young women don’t have a choice against the actions of their husbands when it comes to intercourse simply because it is determined if the women is â€Å"fit enough†. This often leads to non-consensual sex which by law doesn’t count as rape in Yemen. I feel that this is an unjust and preposterous law that makes women feel as though they’re obligated to please a man as an he sees fit to them. They aren’t allowed to have a say to when they are ready for intercourse and they don’t have the government to protect them either while marital rape isn’t pressed on enough. TheShow More RelatedDr. King s Letter From Birmingham Jail1667 Words   |  7 Pagesyear of 1963, when racial discrimination was evident in the community, Dr. King delivered two of his most noted works called the â€Å"I have a Dream† speech and â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† to the public. These two pieces, quickly following each other in succession, were literary works of Dr. King devoted to the cause of racial equality and used eclectic devices and appeals to achieve that goal. King’s purpose bolstered in his â€Å"Letter† and â€Å"Dream† speech by key rhetorical devices are supported by audienceRead MoreDr. King s Letter From Birmingham Jail1342 Words   |  6 PagesDr. King Lays the Clergymen’s Anxiety to Rest Dr. Martin Luther King addressed many topics in, â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†. He answered all the issues that were aimed towards him in a very skillful and well thought out manner. These issues came from, â€Å"A Call For Unity†, which was a letter that was published by eight local clergymen expressing their feelings about what Dr. King was doing. One concern in particular that King did an outstanding job of confronting was that of the clergymen’s anxietyRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail By Dr. Martin Luther King1510 Words   |  7 PagesLetter from Birmingham Jail was a letter written by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. from a solitary confinement cell in Birmingham, Alabama. Some portions of the letter were written and gradually smuggled out by King s lawyer on scraps of paper including, by some reports, rough jailhouse toilet paper. Violent racist terror against African Americans was so horrible in Birmingham in the summer of 1963 that the city was bein g referred to by some locals as â€Å"Bombingham†. King had been arrested while participatingRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King s Letter From Birmingham Jail1428 Words   |  6 PagesOn April 16, 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. wrote what has become known as the â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail.† A long document, it was addressed to Birmingham’s local clergymen because they had been critical of his work and ideas. Dr. King believed their criticism was in good faith, and pointed out that he was in Birmingham because he had been invited by the local affiliate of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, showing the religious commonalities between himself and the clergymen. HoweverRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail By Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.1666 Words   |  7 PagesA Letter from Birmingham Jail was written by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on scraps of paper in response to a public statement of his efforts being seen as extreme issued by eight clergymen, wh ile incarcerated in Birmingham. In response to the statement King makes a claim of Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.† Kings claim of â€Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.† Is supported throughout the entirety of his letter through the use of rhetoric devices such as EthosRead MoreThe Philosophy of Nonviolence of Dr. Martin Luther King in his Letter from a Birmingham Jail1355 Words   |  6 PagesDr. Martin Luther King Jr. Letter from a Birmingham Jail gave the people an insight into the mind and his unwillingness to give up on his dream for better life and respect for ‘Negroes’. However, it was not just his mentality we have an insight on but also his philosophy, his mantra. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a devoted Christian and refused to use cruel, demeaning words and unnecessary violence to get his points across to the people. He fought against the injustices brought on upon the blackRead MoreAntigone And Dr. M artin Luther King Jr. s Letter From Birmingham Jail1233 Words   |  5 PagesIn Sophocles’ Antigone and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†, Antigone and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. used resistance against powerful leaders to follow their morals and make a statement. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s approach towards the reconstruction of society’s cultural understanding of segregation used civil disobedience in a more public and large-scale approach, whereas Antigone’s use of civil disobedience defied the law in a much more private, small-scale way toRead More Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter From a Birmingham Jail Essays1088 Words   |  5 PagesDr. Martin Luther King Jr.s â€Å"Letter From a Birmingham Jail† In King’s essay, â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail†, King brilliantly employs the use of several rhetorical strategies that are pivotal in successfully influencing critics of his philosophical views on civil disobedience. King’s eloquent appeal to the logical, emotional, and most notably, moral and spiritual side of his audience, serves to make â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail† one of the most moving and persuasive literary pieces of the 20thRead Moreâ€Å"a Comparison of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’S ‘I Have a Dream’ Speech and ‘Letter from a Birmingham Jail’†.1444 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"A Comparison of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s ‘I Have a Dream’ speech and ‘Letter from a Birmingham Jail’†. 9% Similarity Born in Atlanta Georgia in 1929, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., conceivably lived as one of the greatest social and religious leaders in a country where a group of its citizens had to endure excruciating conditions of disenfranchisement, inferiority and degradation of a second class citizenship by reasons of race, color or origin. In effort to condemn allRead MoreA Comparison of Letter From Birmingham City Jail and I Have a Dream by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.1903 Words   |  8 Pages Martin Luther King Jr., one of the greatest speakers for the Black civil rights movement, had written many great works in his time. Two of his pieces stand out as his greatest works, Letter from Birmingham City Jail; a letter written from a jail in Birmingham where he was arrested for demonstrating peacefully, to clergymen who didnt agree with his views, and I Have a Dream; a speech given by King in front of the Washington Memorial at a huge civil rights tea party. Both

Leadership Skills Of The Steve Jobs And The Management Skills Of The T

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Skills Of The Steve Jobs And The Management Skills Of The Tim Cook. Answer: Differentiation between Leadership and Management Leaders (Steve Jobs) Managers (Tim Cook) Steve Jobs was an active and curious person and he was quite good at planning and organizing the activities. As Tim Cook has overtaken the position of the founder of Apple INC., he has shown his skills and talent in order to support the existing employees of the organization so that Apple INC.[1] could attain outstanding growth in the business environment. Steve Jobs was a personality with various solutions for a single issue. When Apple INC. was at the diminishing stage, he was the person who showed his unique skills to manufacture ultimate electronic consumer goods and gadgets.[2] Due to this Apple INC. is enjoying huge success today. While evaluating the qualities of Tim Cook and Steve Jobs, they both are exceptional for their places. Today, Apple INC. is at the peak place but still, it suffers from various issues but Tim Cook has the ability to resolve those issues quickly so that organizations performance does not get affected. Steve Jobs was so motivating and it gets proved with his abilities which could be seen from the Apple Inc.s performance. He was a college dropout and at a very less age, he started building computers with the help of his two friends. Tim Cook has taken the responsibility of Apple Inc. on his shoulders to maintain the companys worth and position in the market. Power bases used by Leaders Under this scenario, a number of power bases being used by the Steve Jobs in his career in order to take the Apple INC. on the next level. Coercive Power: This is the technique which is used to turn someones decision in the same direction in which leader wants to. Threatening and punishment techniques are also being used in order to change the existing employees decision in manner leader wants.[3] Legitimate Power: These are the powers which are available to the leader at a certain stage only. As Steve Jobs was the founder, CEO as well as the leader of Apple Inc., he was available with these powers and these powers are also used to influence the employees of the organization to work in the same direction which is shown to them. [4] Reward Power: This technique is quite common in these days as some type of incentives; bonus or extra income is being provided to the employees for performing in an appropriate manner. Expert Power: This influences the employees to follow the path shown by the expert with great knowledge and skills. As the expert of Apple Inc. was Steve Jobs, hence; he was the person for showing adequate way to its employees in order to attain the desired goal and the objectives. Characteristics of an effective leader and limitation While evaluating the characteristics of Mr. Steve Jobs, the following are some of the primary points which make him as an effective leader: Steve Jobs was the person with very bright and positive vision and he was having the great power to influence the people towards his ideas and thoughts. As a result, today Apple INC. is ranked on the peak position in consumer electronic goods. [5] As per the person based theories of leadership, trait theory, behavioural theory, contingency theory, etc. are being included. As per the trait theory, an effective leader should be filled with self-confidence, honesty towards his work, intelligence, energy, etc. Reviewing the qualities of Steve Jobs, all these qualities were present in his nature. Due to this, they are known as an effective and efficient leader. While behavioural theorys components describe that an effective leader should have the behaviour of a leader as this helps him to lead the team efficiently. Apart from this, leader gets more effective with experiences. Steve Jobs does this too, as he was not the part of his own company but afterward, he was given the command to run the company and with his innovation skills and talent, he introduces various electronic goods continuously and this helps the organization to attain the peak position in the global market. He was the founder of Apple INC. and he made the first pc-computer with his extraordinary skills. He was the person with adequate qualities and amongst them, selling his own ideas in the market was the most effective one which proves him as the effective leader. Along with the visions, ideas, and skills, Steve Jobs was known for implementing those in the correct manner in order to attain the adequate results. [6] Limitations There are number of limitations available under person-based theories of leadership, some are: Relationship between the leader and his subordinates is the biggest limitation because it directly affects the performance of the whole team. Not taking the advice of subordinates in decision making and this does not build efficient interaction between the teammates which does not extract adequate results for the organization. [7] Different Leadership Qualities Leadership qualities should be unique in order to attend the unique types of situations. As per the situational theories of leadership, style of leading the team should be relevant as per the situation and the task. Below are the leadership styles as per the situations: In early 1975, Wozniak was the co-founder of Apple INC. and he was capable enough to manufacture effective computers. Being an effective leader, Steve Jobs recognised his marketing potential and he influenced Wozniak to perform the same functionalities with him. As the result, it was the first achievement of Apple and they raised $1,350 in the same year. Afterwards, the second PC was launched in 1977 and it was the biggest revolutionary era of PC. This helps the organization to generate $200 million within 2 years. This shows the self-confidence of the Steve Jobs and the quality of supporting and influencing his friend, shows his leadership qualities related to situation. [8] Another situation shows his self-confinement and the unique leadership style. In 1983, conflicts occurred between the Steve Jobs and the board of directors of Apple INC. It was the current CEO of Apple at that time John Sculley and he was the CEO of PepsiCo prior to this. Steve Jobs asked him to join the Apple saying Do you want to produce and sell sugared water in rest of your life or you want a chance to change the world? Ironically, he was the primary reason for Jobs removal from his own company and he quitted Apple INC. in 1985. Outside of Apple, Jobs diverted his attention towards the Pixar Animations Studios and he also founded a rival firm as NeXT which is a computer manufacturing firm.[9] On the other hand, Apples market share was rapidly decreasing and due to this, they took over the NeXT computers and hired Jobs as an advisor consultant of the company. After his appointment, he resurrected Apple with his unique leadership styles and innovations and Apple got its lost positi on in the global market again. This shows the quality of self-confidence of Jobs and his style of his leadership which helped the company to regain its lost position. Dispersed Theories of leadership Substitute Leadership: Under this technique, leader reduces or enhances his efforts as per the workplaces characteristics. It helps the leader to neutralize his efforts in the workplace. Self-Leadership: This theory explains the influencing capability of a leader. Leader needs to assign the task to his subordinates in order to get the work done in an effective manner.[10] Both these skills were present in the Steve Jobs as he was capable enough to get the work done from others in the same manner as per his requirements. Exchange Theories of Leadership Transactional Leadership: These are the leaders who use power bases to influence its subordinates as well as the other employees of the organization to get the work done. Steve Jobs was one of them and now Tim Cook is also following the same path in order to maintain the Apple INC.s market position across the global market.[11] Jobs used to execute all the strategies of rewards and punishment for influencing the employees to perform. [12] Transformational Leadership: This theory describes the relevant changes needed in the workplace in order to obtain the adequate results. Steve Jobs was the biggest example of practising this type of leadership style as he used to take all his teammates and employees along with him to analyse the requirement of the consumers and the organization. After analysing the demand, necessary changes were also implemented in order to gain the adequate results. [13] Authentic Leadership: Authentic leaders believe in self-concepts and they are quite positive in nature. Steve Jobs and the Tim Cook, both these personalities are quite positive in their work fields. Apart from this, adaptation of the authentic leadership style helps the leader to build effective relationship between the subordinates in order to gain the subsequent outcomes. [14] Application of authentic leadership style will result in positive manner for every organization as, under this style, leaders are quite positive as well as they are capable enough in building and maintaining appropriate relationship between the followers, subordinates with the employers. Team performance and the individual performance can also be enhanced with the implementation of authentic leadership style within the workplace. [15] From the above discussion with regards to the leadership skills used by the Steve Jobs co-founder of Apple Inc., it can be concluded that he was the person with appropriate knowledge and skills which enough commence business operations and taking the organization to the next level. His self-confidence, qualities, talent and visions are the primary objectives of Steve Jobs and these should be present in an effective leader. After Steve Jobs, Tim Cook has managed all the functionalities of the organization in an appropriate manner which proves him as an effective manager. Hence, it is quite fair to say that, Steve Jobs was a great leader and Tim Cook is a great manager. Bibliography Aaker, D.A. Joachimsthaler, E., 2012, Simon and Schuster, Brand leadership. Akana, J., Andre, B.K., Bataillou, J., Coster, D.J., De Iuliis, D., Hankey, E., Howarth, R.P., Ive, J.P., Jobs, S., Kerr, D.R. Nishibori, S., 2011,Patent D642, Electronic device. U.S., pp. 563. Allio, R.J., 2012, Leaders and leadershipmany theories, but what advice is reliable,Strategy Leadership,vol. 41 (1), pp.4-14. Bel, R., 2010, Leadership and innovation: Learning from the best,Global business and organizational excellence,vol. 29 (2), pp.47-60. Berg, H.P., 2010, Risk management: procedures, methods and experiences,Risk Management, 1 (17), pp.79-95. Bolman, L. Deal, T., 2014, Leadership and management,Christian Youth Work in Theory and Practice: A Handbook, pp.245. Drori, I. Honig, B., 2013, A process model of internal and external legitimacy,Organization Studies, 34 (3), pp.345-376. Gladewell, M., 2011, The real genius of Steve Jobs, The New Yorker. Heath, R.L. O'Hair, H.D. eds., 2010, Routledge, Handbook of risk and crisis communication. Shah, T. Mulla, Z.R., 2013, Leader Motives, Impression Management, and Charisma: A Comparison of Steve Jobs and Bill Gates,Management and Labour Studies,vol. 38 (3), pp.155-184. Shah, T. Mulla, Z.R., 2013, Leader Motives, Impression Management, and Charisma: A Comparison of Steve Jobs and Bill Gates,Management and Labour Studies,vol. 38 (3), pp.155-184. Isaacson, W., 2012, The real leadership lessons of Steve Jobs,Harvard business review,vol. 90 (4), pp.92-102. Northouse, P.G., 2015,Sage publications, Leadership: Theory and practice. Northouse, P.G., 2017,Sage Publications, Introduction to leadership: Concepts and practice. Purdy, G., 2010, ISO 31000: 2009setting a new standard for risk management,Risk analysis, 30 (6), pp.881-886.

Macbeth Acts 4 5 6 Essays - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth Acts 4 5 6 Today is the true day of all death. For shame, I am lonely in a world of lost hope. I have been deceived to the greatest extent. Those three weird sisters have gone very far to put me through such foulness. They had told me that if the woods of Birnham should move upon my castle that I shall be vanquished. This has become true as my scouts have informed me that such a task has been performed. How could this be? I do not know, but if I were to look into the night the answers would point to the overpowering army of Malcolm. This is all but a murmur in my heart, as the word of my wife's death has become my lost hope. For many days I have been aware of her sick mind and did nothing to solve it. If it was I who decided her contemplation with death let me die in the perilous battlefields of antiquity. My scouts have given warning that MacDuff is in the front-line. I must engage in the battle. May god have mercy on my soul and not let the prophecies of the weird sisters be true.

Climate change and extreme weather conditions

Climate change and extreme weather conditions Climate change has been widely discussed in all aspects. In this regard, the latest global heat wave rekindled the debate on climate change. Proponents of climate change argue that human activities are to be blamed for the current global climate change. Essentially, human activities are cited as the major cause of global warming.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Climate change and extreme weather conditions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Intergovernmental Panels on Climate Change (IPCC) recent reports indicates close links between human activities and changes in the global climate (Burke 2). The relationships between human activities and global warming are yet to be ascertained though the symptoms are obvious. In fact, extreme weather conditions experienced around the world are attributed to human actions. The current heat wave is one of the extreme weather conditions resulting from climate change due to human a ctivities. Even though critics argue against the link between extreme weather conditions and climate change, scientific evidence clearly indicate a strong correlation between the global warming and the extreme weather conditions. However, researchers in this field have been cautious when drawing conclusions directly linking extreme weather conditions to climate change (Burke 2). The opponents question the validity and reliability of current data basing their arguments on the history of world climate. Historically, the world has experienced calamitous heat waves, floods as well as other extreme weather conditions without human activities involved. In the recent past, scientists have continued to draw in data linking the two variables. The agreement across the board is that human activities such as emissions of the greenhouse gases have contributed to global warming. As such, there should be sustained measures to limit the greenhouse gas emissions (Thurber 2). Unless such measures are undertaken, dangerous heat waves as well as floods are likely to re-occur. In addition, prolonged draughts as well as coastal flooding have increased chances of extreme weather conditions occurrence. Nonconformist scientists and politicians often dispute about the predictions, yet the number of disasters arising from extreme weather conditions is undoubtedly escalating. In addition, similar data from various sources cannot be disputed on the ground of validity and reliability (Thurber 2). In fact, data from climate agencies indicate similar results with slight variations. For instance, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and National Climate Data Center (NCDC) indicate that the last thirteen years have experienced the hottest periods within 132 years. Precisely, the hottest period ever recorded since 1895 occurred from 2001 to 2013. The IPCC, which has been involved in various researches around the world, predicts more extreme weather conditions in the coming decade (Zaelke and Veerabhadran 2).Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, the IPCC reports that the frequencies of extreme weather conditions have increased. Previously, the heat waves occurred once in 20 years. Currently, the heat waves occur two times in one decade. The prediction is that continuous emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere leads to reoccurrences of global warming within two years. Heat waves are not the only extreme weather conditions that are expected to occur but also flooding, hurricanes, prolonged drought, coastal flooding as well as ice storms are expected in the next decade. The IPCC, which is concerned with the climate studies, normally has accurate predictions and warn associates against premature judgments (Zaelke and Veerabhadran 2). The panel depends on clear evidence to make conclusive predictions. The reason is that ma ny factors that tend to explain the variations in world temperatures are not directly linked. In other words, there is disconnection between the current causes of extreme weather conditions and the similar past climate situations. The explanations provide facts used by critics to argue their case. In addition, the conclusions drawn from the data taken within 132 years cannot be linked with the similar data from another century. Consistent with the recent report released by the IPCC and the UN panel, human actions contribute immensely to climate change. The reports follow the studies undertaken to determine the relationship between climate change and human activities. In fact, the reports indicate that typhoons, hurricanes and coastal flooding are likely to increase in this decade (Shank 1). The recent reports concur with previous information on climate change and extreme weather conditions. In addition, the studies indicate that greenhouse gas emissions are the major cause of climat e change (Zaelke and Veerabhadran 2). Some of the effects of greenhouse gas are the extremely high and low atmospheric temperatures. The cyclic global temperatures are prone to intense weather conditions. The data is supported by basic atmospheric science arguing that warmer air causes intense drought and heat waves. The result also explains the cause of the recent heat waves. According to the reports, the extreme temperatures are also likely to cause increased frequency of precipitation associated with typhoons, cyclones, hurricanes as well as coastal floods. In addition, available data indicate that heavy rains are expected to rise in many parts of the world within this century due to increased atmospheric pressure and temperature (Shank 1). Even though recent statistics are almost similar to the previous information, the accuracy of data collection and analysis improves the reliability of the conclusions drawn. In other words, the two agencies are majorly concerned with accuracy of the data to draw plausible correlations between the human activities and the global warming.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Climate change and extreme weather conditions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The IPCC and the UN also found out increasing human susceptibility to extreme weather conditions. While carbon emissions continue to be unabated, human vulnerability to the extreme weather conditions persistently increases (Leonhardt 1). Flawed decisions on climate change by governments and industrialists together with continued increasing populations are exposing the majority of people to the harms of extreme weather conditions. Human activities including land use, rapid urbanization, unchecked coastal developments and growth of megacities have led to the increased vulnerability of rural and urban communities to the tribulations resulting from extreme weather conditions. The reports argue that necessary measures have to be taken to avert extreme weather related problems. Global warming related problems have been cited to vary from social to economic aspects. In other words, climate change significantly influences the political and socio-economic trends around the globe. In particular, the global climate changes have affected the trends of global economic growth. For instance, the Colorado floods and Yosemite Rim Fire are examples of the devastating effects of climate change. In addition, the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS) argued that over fifty percent of extreme weather events in 2012 were influenced by changes in climate (Leonhardt 1). The consequences of the calamities ranged from crippling of tourism to loss of homes and livelihoods. Further, the weather events posed risks to the economic growth. Moreover, a research by the US Department of Energy (USDE) asserted that energy infrastructure is gradually more susceptible to extreme weather events emanating from cl imate change. For example, the wildfire that occurred in close proximity to Yosemite National Park in San Francisco led to the declaration of state of emergency due to the threats the wildfire posed to the city’s electricity supply plant. According to Yale Project on Climate Change Communication (YPCCC), most American citizens are prepared to engage in peaceful civil defiance against organizations promoting global warming in operations. The government’s lack of environmental policy change initiatives is increasingly perturbing the public.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, the Keystone XL pipeline project is facing mass opposition from the public due to the venture’s environmental implications (Shank 1). Through such protests, the government has initiated climate bill, carbon tax as well as having set up the strict limits of carbon emissions into the atmosphere. Moreover, companies have been on the forefront in ensuring paradigm shifts towards carbon reductions and major ventures in renewable sources of energy (Gillis 1). Studies also indicate that abrupt changes experienced on the planet including melting, acidifying, flooding and warming have led to a completely different globe. In other words, higher amounts of black carbon in the atmosphere heat up the Earth. Consequently, extreme weather events characterized by heat waves, heavy rains and violent storms occur. Such weather conditions adversely affect vegetation and animals. Scientists link such extreme weather conditions to climate change. The assessment of climate science by the IPCC indicates that the continuous warming of the atmosphere, sea level rise, alterations in the global water cycle and diminishing snow levels are the results of the human influence. The panel has achieved remarkable successes through endorsement of the carbon budget for humanity. In reality, the regulation of the amount of carbon and greenhouse gases by industries and clearing of forests have led to burning up of approximately a trillion metric tons of carbon and the reduction of planetary warming to about two degrees above the sea level (Shank 1). However, climate-cynic organizations contend that the report by the IPCC is hysterical and exaggerated. For instance, the Heartland Institute argues that anticipated global warming would be insignificant to be transformed into climatic calamity. In essence, the critics argue that due to the slow rates of global warming experienced over the last decade, rapid reductions in global warming are imminent (Gillis 1). The administrators o f the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have put forward the necessary steps that the government should implement to counter the rising climate alterations nationally and at the global level. As the world experiences continuous warming with highest levels of humidity occurrence over the last ten years, the deficiency of actions to curb climate change has negatively influenced the ambiance. As such, governments are embracing market-based models in reduction of greenhouse gas discharges by imposing carbon taxes on power plants releasing higher amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Augmented ventures in clean energy expertise are also critical in spurring firm economic inclination along with habitable atmosphere. Most importantly, the amendment of Montreal Protocol (MP) of 1989 will be significant in solving the ozone problems by phasing out warming chemicals including the hydro-fluorocarbons. In reality, the presence of common sense conservative principles based on protecti ng health, utilization of superior expertise available and innovativeness in economy to obtain solutions have been instrumental in solving climate concerns such as depletion of the ozone layer, pollution of rivers and problems caused by acid rain. The US citizens have increased calls for the adoption of hydraulic fracturing process in the extraction of natural gas to prevent the emission of carbon in the atmosphere. The use of hydraulic fracturing process will also reduce threats to drinking water and the environment (Gordon 2). Further, the government is encouraging the utilization of alternative energy sources including wind and solar power. Moreover, increased investments in research, innovative-generation of energy such as use of nuclear plants and experimental expertise are significant in ensuring low-carbon presence in the atmosphere. Environmental experts have come up with diverse strategies aimed at ensuring a habitable atmosphere. For instance, the actions taken by the Envi ronmental Protection Authority (EPA) under the Clean Air Act (CLA) have restricted the discharge of effluents from power plants. In fact, the EPA has stringent discharge standards for the stationary sources leading to virtual elimination of coal-fired plants. However, significant steps put forward at the United Nations climate caucus produce positive impacts on promoting political goodwill to climate change. In this regard, the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) projects focusing on reducing of greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon, methane, lower-level ozone and hydro-fluorocarbons, will reduce global warming by 40%. In addition, the diminution in global warming is capable of preventing over three million demises resulting from the contamination of the environment. As it can be observed, climate scientists have continuously forecasted and warned about the increased global temperatures that lead to extreme weather condition s, such as severe droughts, intense flooding as well as ferocious storms. Reports by the United Nations and other climate change agencies indicate that human activities are to be blamed for the extreme weather situations as well as climate changes experienced all over the globe today. In addition, the scientists warn that weather extremes are projected to worsen in the coming years. In essence, the greenhouse gas emissions resulting from human activities augment heat and coastal floods as well as increase levels of precipitation (Bordessa 1). The UN report stated that higher temperatures triggered such disasters as floods, heat waves and snowstorms. As such, the UN has moved to establish the maximum frontier on greenhouse gas emissions. The scientists warn that if humans continue disgorging the greenhouse gases into the atmosphere through their activities, irreversible climate changes are eminent. Actually, the utilization of economical natural gases and current fuel principles as w ell as rules regulating mercury have led to the reduction of greenhouse gas discharge into the atmosphere by seventeen percent Additionally, the utilization of filters on automobiles and the use of low-sulfur diesel fuels have benefited California by cutting the level of warming effect caused by diesel by over fifty percent. Further, many countries in the developing world are embracing resourceful biomass stoves, solar lamps and modern brick kilns as opposed to conventional mud stoves and utilization of kerosene lamps leading to reduction of carbon emissions into the atmosphere. Moreover, several initiatives include reduction of leaks from gas pipes, capturing methane from waste dumps and water treatment plants as well as reducing discharges from rice paddies. In essence, the elimination of such temporary climate noxious wastes is significant in slowing the pace of global warming. Bordessa, Kris. â€Å"Global Climate Change Linked to Extreme Weather?† Wired 11 February 2012: 1. Web. Burke, Marshall. â€Å"Weather and Violence.† The New York Times 30 August 2013: 2. Web. Gillis, Justin. â€Å"U.N. Panel Finds Climate Change Behind Some Extreme Weather Events.† The New York Times 18 November 2011: 1. Web. Gordon, Kate. â€Å"Lets Upgrade Our Insurance Policy on Climate-Change Risk.† The Wall Street Journal 25 September 2013: 2. Web. Leonhardt, David. â€Å"It’s Not Easy Being Green.† The New York Times 9 February 2013: 1. Web. Shank, Michael. â€Å"Fed Up With Climate Change Apathy.† US News 19 September 2013: 1. Web. Thurber, Mark. â€Å"Carbon Pricing Is the Best First Step to Address Global Warming.† The Wall Street Journal 25 September 2013: 2. Web. Zaelke, Durwood and Veerabhadran Ramanathan. â€Å"Going Beyond Carbon Dioxide.† The New York Times 6 December 2012: 2. Web.